• Intro

• Home assignment

• Test Training 4

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https://www.thatquiz.org/tq/classtest?AFLJMX8I

• Grammar Reference

• Grammar Practice

Task 1. Open the brackets using the correct from of the verb.
1. I didn’t have the baggage checks. I must (throw) them away when I went through the customs.

2. She must (walk) in the cold because the colour was hightened along her cheekbones.

3. He smiled charmingly as I walked up to him, then frowned at what must (be) the expression on my face.

4. Then, somehow, I must (get) into my carriage. I saw the open road, and the fields, and trees and bushes.

5. Your family are very well-to-do. Your father is no longer alive, but I assume that he must (leave) considerable dow-ries for you and your sister.

6. We must (drive) through the streets of Paris for hours and hours, and all the time I cried so much that in the end I could cry no longer.

7. The play must (be) very boring for him, otherwise he wouldn’t have left after the first act.

8. At last I must (fall) asleep, for suddenly I woke up terrified that something dreadful had happened.

9. I must (sit) here for hours. The candles are almost burned down.

10. You give me the impression of being a man with something to hide. I’m not digging for information. It just occurred to me all of a sudden that you must (hide) something.

Task 2. Translation.

  1. Шум, должно быть, мешал ему работать. Поэтому он выключил радио.
  2. Не может быть, чтобы вы прочитали книгу внимательно, если не помните ее содержание.
  3. Водитель, должно быть, превысил скорость. Иначе полицейский не остановил бы его.
  4. Фрэнк, должно быть, не имел возможности взвесить все за и против поездки в Африку.
  5. Стив, должно быть, отнесся к предложению о сотрудничестве с осторожностью и решил не идти на риск.
  6. Не может быть, чтобы она вмешивалась в отношения своей дочери с ее мужем. Не может быть, чтобы ей не хватало такта и выдержки.
  7. Полиция, должно быть, занимается расследованием его причастности к краже.
  8. Должно быть, общество находится в критическом состоянии, если люди подобные Виллису приходят к власти.
  9. Должно быть, его дух был сломлен, иначе он бы сделал попытку исправить положение.
  10. Должно быть, в его распоряжении не было свободных денег, поэтому он не купил новый автомобиль.
  1. The noise must have interfered with his work so he turned off the radio.
  2. You can’t/couldn’t have read the book attentively if you don’t remember its contents / what it is about.
  3. The driver must have exceeded the speed limit. Otherwise/Or the policeman wouldn’t have stopped him.
  4. Frank must have had no opportunity to weigh all the pros and cons of going to Africa.
  5. Steve must have treated with caution the proposal to cooperare and decided against taking risks./ not to take any risks.
  6. She can’t be interfering in her daughter’s relations with her husband. She can’t be lacking in tact and self-possession.
  7. The police must be investigating his involvement in the theft.
  8. The society must be in critical condition (or in a critical state) if
    people like Willis come to power.
  9. His spirit must have been broken, or/otherwise he would have made
    an attempt to improve/change/transform/ease the situation
  10. He must have had no money to spare so he didn’t buy a new car.

Task 3. Open the brackets using the correct form of the infinitive. Explain the meaning of the modal verbs.

  1. Relatives speculated that Lila Gamble, a longtime diabetic, may (go) into insulin shock and lost control of the car.
  2. Recent studies appear to show that Japan has become far less egalitarian. Some economists say the trend may not (be) an entirely bad thing, since it may (make) the economy more dynamic.
  3. What creatures are deadliest to humans? No contest: mosquitoes. Over the course of history the malarial parasite carried by mosquitoes may (kill) more people than all the wars that have ever been fought.
  4. I felt dizzy and was afraid I might (faint) again.
  5. The victim might not (be) defenseless, he might, in fact, (have) a weapon.
  6. He could (avoid) these problems if he had followed your advice.
  7. The likeness between the two men was striking. Indeed, they could (be) brothers instead of first cousins.
  8. He talked with such tender intimacy that we might (be) friends for years.
  9. On the night before the wedding Betsy nearly broke down, she was afraid things might (go) wrong.
  10. The bullet could (come) from Sacco’s pistol, it could equally (fire) by some other gun.
  11. At the moment they may (talk) about tomorrow’s reception.
  12. While on the South Pacific island of Fatu Hiva, Thor Heyerdahl became fascinated with the notion that people of primitive cultures could (migrate) across the sea long before the Europeans did.
  13. Deciding too quickly can (bring) disastrous consequences; delaying too long can (mean) missed opportunities. Often, when you decide is as important as the decision itself.
  14. If the rock had hit the windshield, the driver could (kill).
  15. Guinea pigs are raised for food in Ecuador, and are said to be higher in protein and lower in fat than beef. They can (be) purchased alive for consumption at home or taken right off the barbecue spit at roadside stands.

Task 4. Fill in the gaps with may not / might not or cannot / could not to express negative possibility or negative deduction.

  1. He _ be involved in the crime! It’s absolutely impossible.
  2. I don’t know whether he will like this idea. He ___ like it at all.
  3. – Why did Robert leave his last job? – Who knows? He have got along with his boss or he have found the job satisfying.
  4. She ____ be married. She is under 18.
  5. John doesn’t have a car, so he _____ have given you a lift.
  6. I’m beginning to think I _____ be cut out for politics; I’m not sure my heart is strong enough.
  7. He _____ have come to Katie’s leaving party on Friday. He is away on holiday in Greece.
  8. She _____ have fooled them; they’re much too clever for that.
  9. Bob _____ have been telling the truth. Who knows? – and does it really matter?
  10. Jane knows perfectly well that Steve never returns his debts, so she _____ have lent him the money.
  11. If we don’t get the money, we’ll lose the campaign; but if we do get the money, we still win. I’m not at all sure than we can.
  12. Things be as bad as this survey suggests; however, this survey should serve as a kind of warning.
  13. If you go to Paris you find it as exciting and wonderful as you have expected.
  14. Don’t get any closer – it be safe.
  15. – Why wasn’t he accepted to the college? – Who knows? He _ have satisfied the entrance requirements.

Task 5. Translation.

  1. Вполне возможно, что правительство примет чрезвычайные меры в связи с недавними событиями.
  2. Она, может быть, и вмешивается в его личные дела, но я не знаю наверняка.
  3. После окончания Итона Джордж Орвел мог бы подать заявление о приеме в университет, но он решил отправиться в Бирму в качестве государственного служащего.
  4. Если бы в его распоряжении было больше времени, он, возможно, справился бы с контрольной лучше.
  5. Вполне возможно, что за короткое время им удалось приобрести необходимые навыки и умения.
  6. Возможно, этот древний город, расположенный на перекрестке торговых путей, пришел в упадок в результате того, что изменилась структура торговли.
  7. Если бы его вполне устраивала жизнь в городе, он, возможно, не подумывал о том, чтобы приобрести дом в пригороде.
  8. Если бы у меня не кончились деньги, я мог бы провести еще несколько дней в Сочи.
  9. Не может быть, чтобы он был хорошим лидером. Ему не хватает уверенности в себе и решительности.
  10. Жизнь, полная лишений (hardships) могла бы сломить ее дух, но она все преодолела благодаря своему твердому характеру.
  11. Каждый может ошибиться. Выдающийся ученый – не исключение из правила.
  1. The government may/might well take emergency measures following the recent events.
  2. She may/might be interfering in his personal affairs but I don’t know for sure.
  3. After graduating from Eton College George Orwell could have applied to the university but instead he decided to move to Burma and work there as a civil servant.
  4. If he had had more time at his disposal he might have written the test better.
  5. They may/might well have acquired the necessary skills and habits during a short period of time.
  6. This ancient town situated at the crossroads of trade routes may/might have fallen into decay as a result of a change in the trade pattern.
  7. If he were fully satisfied with his life in the city he might not be thinking of buying a house in the suburbs.
  8. If I hadn’t run out of money I could have spent a few more days in Sochi.
  9. He can’t be a good leader. He lacks self-confidence and determination.
  10. Life full of hardships could have broken her spirit but she overcame everything thanks to her firm character.
  11. Anyone can make a mistake. An outstanding scientist is not an exception to the rule.

Task 6. Translation.

  1. Может он когда-то и был первоклассным хирургом, но сейчас он занимается административными вопросами.
  2. Студенты должны посетить 90% всех лекций. В прошлом семестре вы посетили 20%. С таким же успехом вы могли бы прекратить ходить на лекции.
  3. Жаль, что ты ничего не узнал. Ты бы мог хотя бы попытаться вызвать Стива на откровенность.
  4. Г-н Бейкер, должно быть, вложил сотни тысяч долларов в образование своих детей. Они всегда учились в самых престижных учебных заведениях.
  5. Не может быть, чтобы этот некогда процветавший район пришел в упадок. Вы, должно быть, ошибаетесь.
  6. Чего не хватает в этом доме, так это места, чтобы хранить старые вещи. С таким же успехом я могу их сразу выбросить.
  7. Разве ты не был тронут ее добротой? Мог бы хотя бы спасибо сказать!
  8. Участие в работе английского клуба может и полезно, но я не могу тратить время на внеклассную работу.
  9. Я не понимаю, зачем ты пришел на вечеринку. Ты не хочешь ни с кем разговаривать, тебя все раздражает. С таким же успехом ты мог бы остаться дома.
  10. Хотя ей и недостает такта, по сути, она доброе и безобидное существо.
  1. Once he may have been a first-rate surgeon, but now he has administrative responsibilities.
  2. Students are required to attend 90% of all the lectures. During the previous term you attended 20% of them. You might as well have missed all the lectures / stopped attending lectures.
  3. I wish you had got some information. You might/could at least have
  4. tried to draw Steve out.
  5. Mr Baker must have invested thousands of dollars in educating his
    children. They have always attended the most prestigious schools
    and colleges.
  6. This once thriving district can’t/couldn’t have fallen into decay. You
    must be mistaken.
  7. What this house lacks is sufficient space/room for storing old things.
    You might as well throw them away at once.
  8. You were moved by her kindness, weren’t you? You could/might at
    least have said thank you!
  9. Participating in the work of the English club may be useful but I can’t
    waste time doing extracurricular work.
  10. I can’t understand why you’ve come to the party. You don’t want to
    talk to anybody, everything annoys you. You might as well have
    stayed at home.
  11. She may lack tact but essentially/basically she is a kind and
    harmless person.


Task 7. Complete the sentences using didn’t need(to do) or needn’t have (done).

  1. We _ (book) the tickets well in advance – we bought them in the ticket office shortly before the performance.
  2. You _ (ask) the guard the time of the train’s departure. I could have told you when the train departs.
  3. He _ (get) up early for work yesterday – it was Sunday.
  4. She _ (worry) about the interview – she was head and shoulders above all the other applicants.
  5. He _ (learn) a foreign language to improve his job prospects. He must have been learning it purely for pleasure.
  6. I _ (say) I had just returned from Russia. Martin was unimpressed.
  7. We _ (speak) in a whisper. The children were fast asleep and didn’t even stir when the alarm clock went off.
  8. It was not a black-tie event so I _ (wear) a black suit and a white shirt.
  9. We _ (give) detailed explanations. She was quick at understanding what we wanted her to do.
  10. I __ (introduce) my next guest. Everyone present knew who he was.

Task 7. Paraphrase the sentences using should or shouldn’t.

  1. I wish there had been an investigation into the cause of the disaster.
  2. It’s rather cold in here. Do you think it’s a good idea for me to turn the heating on?
  3. Why didn’t you consider all aspects of your decision, negative as well as positive?
  4. I wish you hadn’t hit him so hard. You’ve knocked him out.
  5. I wish the society would help those who cannot help themselves.
  6. Why did you agree without knowing what it would cost?
  7. Our mistake lay in not giving that possibility its due weight.
  8. He didn’t think about the consequences of his actions beforehand.
  9. It was unwise of her to draw her quick-tempered brother into the argument.
  10. There is no point in reproaching yourself, there’s nothing you could have done.
  11. She takes the attitude that it’s reasonable to allow children to learn at their own pace.
  12. It’s not a good idea for responsible journalists to quote the informal remarks that politicians give in interviews.


• Idioms